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Publicat per Draguignan en 1841.
Dictionnaire Provençal-Français
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A partir dels parlars lengadocians de mercé los conselhs, mai de trenta ans dereng de Ramon Chatbèrt e lo trabalh fòrt minimós, mai de tres ans dereng, de Sèrgi Gairal, per las correccions e la melhoracion de l’original.Es per aquò qu’es un Diccionari General, un diccionari de l’occitan larg, que fòrça tèrmes, scientifics o pas, son tan provençals, gascons, lemosins, bearneses o auvernhasses. coma lengadocians. Pus precisament, per aiceste parlar, Cantalausa a ensajat de restablir las formas o las accepcions pus etimologicas, e mai se l’evolucion semantica d’una lenga es un fenomèn natural, que los òmes e las societats càmbian.
Era publicacion deth Nomenclator dera Val d’Aran represente ua hita importanta ena normalizacion des sòns nòms de lòc der aranés e, donques, dera lengua madeisha. Ei un esturment basic de consulta entara Administracion e eth mon empresariau entà designar, etiquetar e fixar es nòms de lòc de manèra normativa.
Aguest nomenclator permet era localizacion dera toponimia aranesa en ua cartografia de detalh, a on practicament toti es nòms de lòc d’Aran son recuelhuts e tanben normalizadi. Atau, eth Nomenclator dera Val d’Aran amasse un totau de 3 450 toponims de tot tipe que provien dera Basa toponimica a escala 1:5000 der Institut Cartografic e Geologic de Catalonha (ICGC), era mès detalhada que corbís actuaument tota era Val d’Aran.
Era òbra qu’auetz enes mans ei frut d’un convèni de collaboracion entre er Institut d’Estudi Aranesi-Acadèmia aranesa dera lengua occitana, coma autoritat lingüistica dera lengua occitana en Catalonha, e er Institut Cartografic e Geologic de Catalonha, coma generador de cartografia e d’informacion geografica.
Eth nau Nomenclator ei un esturment de referéncia que contribuirà, d’un costast, ara coneishença e era difusion des formes adequades des nòms de lòc e era sua localizacion sus eth territòri e, der aute, ara preservacion dera toponimia coma auviatge intangible, coma testimòni des eveniments istorics e coma reflèxe d’ua cultura viua que contunharà evolucionant.
Eth 14 de gèr de 1983 es “Normes ortografiques der aranés” estèren adoptades per decrèt signat peth president dera Generalitat de Catalonha e coma tau publicades en DOG num. 312 deth 16 de març deth madeish an. Er emplec d’aguest e d’aguestes en toti es encasrtes dera vida vidanta dera nòsta societat: administracion, ensenhament e ahèrs particulars, sustot a compdar dera sua oficializacion, a determinat qu’aqueri punts dera nortmativa ortografica que balhaven lòc a quauques ambigüetats (qu’en moment deth sòn redigit e posteriora aprobacion, estèren admetudes) avessen d’èster tornats a campar e hicats ara ora d’aué.
Like Old French, from the 9th to the 13th century, Old Occitan preserved the two-case system of Vulgar Latin, subjective and objective, and it seems that until the middle of the 12th century, the written and spoken languages were identical. Then, the distinction between the cases disappeared in spoken usage, though they still persisted in the written texts of the Trobadors. This period can be qualified as the Golden Age or the time of the Trobadors.
A second period ranges from the beginning of the 14th century to the middle of the 16th. It is characterized by the dropping altogether of the flexions in witten texts, by the beginning of dialectization, the dropping of courteous vocabulary and the use of learned words borrowed from Latin and Greek to express law, medecine, philosophy and theology. Occitan was no longer a literary language, but it was used to write the deeds, the accounts, the chronicles and the resolutions of local communities. Since the second half of the 16th century to our days, Occitan was banned from written documents, and reduced to oral usage only, mainly by country and working people, in their everyday life, at work or at home.
A quiet renaissance has been unfolding in certain parts of Europe – a renaissance of literature written in minority languages. In this book, William Calin explores the renaissance through an examination of twentieth-century works in Scots, Breton, and Occitan minority languages flourishing inside the borders of the United Kingdom and France.
For each of the three bodies of literature Calin considers major authors whose works include novels, poetry and plays, and shows that all three literatures have evolved in a like manner, repudiating their romantic folk heritage and turning instead to modern and postmodern concerns. Drawing on current critical theories in periodization, postcolonialism and cultural studies, Calin raises a range of comparative questions: Is there a common form of narrative prevalent in minority cultures that is neither realism nor metafiction? Is the minority-language theatre limited to plots treating past history and the rural present? What is the relationship between the minority literature and literature in the national language? What kind of history should be written on the literatures of Scotland, Brittany and the South of France, manifest in their several languages?
Calin’s pioneering study is the first comparative scrutiny of these minority literatures and the first to bring all three together into the mainstream of present-day criticism. His work demonstrates the intrinsic importance in their twentieth-century renewal, as well as their contribution to global culture, in both aesthetic and broadly human terms.
An Introduction to Old Occitan is the only textbook in print for learning the language used by the troubadours in southern France during the Middle Ages. Each of the thirty-two chapters discusses a subject in the study of the language (e.g., stressed vowels, subjunctive mood) and includes an exercise based on a reading of an Occitan text that has been edited afresh for this volume. An essential glossary analyzes every occurrence of every word in the readings and gives cognates in other Romance languages as well as the source of each word in Latin or other languages. The book also contains a list of prefixes, infixes, and suffixes and a dictionary of proper names. An accompanying compact disc includes discussion of the pronunciation of the language, with illustrations from the texts in the book, and musical performances by Elizabeth Aubrey, of the University of Iowa.
Er occitan, e concretament era nòsta varianta aranesa, ei ua lengua damb normativa pòc intuitiva, complicada d’aplicar, damb ues exigéncies que tot soent non son faciles de compréner e naturaument se cometen fautes, incoeréncies… A mès era major part deth nòste temps o ua bona part aumens, la passam en contacte damb d’autes lengües, liegem diaris en catalan e castelhan, escotam ràdios e veiguem televisions en catalan o castelhan, enes nòsti trabalhs mos relacionam, per imperatiu, en castelhan o catalan, damb es nòstes parelhes, depenent de cada un, emplegam d’autes lengües que non son er aranés, en internet emplegam castelhan, catalan, inglés… Non auem un entorn de facilitats e eth nòste accés ar occitan ei mediatizat per d’autes lengües mès potentes que dèishen mèrca enes nòstes intuïcions e mos condicionen en emplec dera lengua pròpria. Ajudem-nos toti a non cométer fautes e acornerem as cruèls que mos ataquen e que vòlen convertir era lengua en un terren d’exclusion, de classisme, d’enfrontament…
Aguest trabalh d’orientacion ortografica ei entà facilitar as emplegaires (tanben en poderíem díder «emplegadors») der aranés era forma lexica corrècta dera escritura. A seguit un procès complèt de construccion (tanben en poderíem díder «bastiment»).
Prumèr extraiguérem paraules de diuèrses òbres, des qu’anteriorament auem realizat des dera Acadèmia e tanben de d’autes òbres d’origen occitan e der extraordinari diccionari catalan-occitan de Claudi Balaguer e Patrici Pojada, aqueth diccionari que tant a contribuït ara normalizacion e ar emplec sociau dera nòsta lengua. Bèth viatge calerà reconeisher-les as dus qu’era sua aportacion a estat impagada, que les ac deuem. Hérem era relacion des paraules e demanèrem era collaboracion de Marcel Fernández, Tonho Castet e Antòni Nogués, entà reescríuer totes es paraules damb es connotacions araneses que calguesse segontes eth sòn critèri. Aquera prumèra propòsta siguec analisada e corregida per Jusèp Loís Sans. Eth resultat qu’en quedèc siguec analizat e corregit per Miquèu Segalàs. Era darrèra analisi auec ua rapida correccion e ordenacion de Jusèp Loís Sans. Des dues analisis en quedèren 370 dubtes que sigueren determinats en sies amassades collectives d’ Angelina Cases, Jèp de Montoya, Rosa M. Salgueiro, Miquèu Segalàs, Maria Elvira Riu, Lourdes España e Jusèp Loís Sans. Era rèsta auec ua correccion de Rosa M. Salgueiro e nauament de Jusèp Loís Sans e finalament era propòsta resultanta siguec objècte des darrères correccions e aprobacion ena amassada dera Seccion aranesa deth dia 26 d’octobre de 2018, dera que tanben en forme part Bernat Arrous.
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